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Here is my site elektronisk cigaret. Automatic Night Lamp with Morning Alarm System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch.
It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes and activates the morning alarm. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset. LDR and transistor are the main components of the project.
The resistance of light dependant resistor LDR varies according to the light falling on it. This LDR is connected as biasing resistor of the transistor. According to the light falls on the LDR, the transistor is operated in saturation and cut off region. This project uses regulated 12V, mA power supply. BC IN,IN,Zener diode 3. Power supply. This IC consists of 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors. The explanation of terminals coming out of the timer IC is as follows.
The pin number used in the following discussion refers to the 8-pin DIP and 8-pin metal can packages. UM 66 :. It is the simplest melody generator circuit you can make using an IC. It has a built in ROM programmed for playing music. The device has very low power consumption. The melody will be available at pin3 of UM66 and here it is amplified by using Q1 to drive the speaker.
IC Each style has its own characteristics that make it desirable in certain types of application. Choosing the right type of resistor is important to making high-performance or precision circuits work well. All resistors are basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific value of resistance.
For that piece of conducting material to be made into a practical resistor, a pair of electrodes and leads are attached so current can flow.
The resistor is then coated with an insulating material to protect the conducting material from the surrounding environment and vice versa. There are several different resistor construction methods and body styles or package that are designed for a certain range of applied voltage, power dissipation, or other considerations.
The construction of the resistor can affect its performance at high frequencies where it may act like a small inductor or capacitor has been added, called parasitic inductance or capacitance. Lamp Volt Battery 6Volt Battery 6 volt external using circuit because circuit positive and negative 6 volt urgent. Component used in Circuit Practical Circuit At first LDR Open no light fire. It is a type of connecting system through which we can give a compact look of our project.
The board covered with copper strip. This design depend upon the user. Working The alternating current voltage V is stepped down to 6V using. The stepped down AC voltage is to obtain a constant ripple-free DC voltage, is used across the circuit.
In dark, the resistance of light dependent resistor is high. So, the voltage drop across the light dependent resistor is also high. The high output signal from the N2 terminal device transistor to the saturation region, which makes the collector current IC very high. Finally, the high collector current flowing through.
When a light of suitable intensity is incident on the light dependent resistor, the resistance decrease and the voltage drop across the light dependent resistor is low. Now the output of the NAND gate N1 is high since one of the input signal is low and the other one is high, which makes to close and now the output from NAND gate N2 becomes low since both the input signals are high. The low output signal from the N. Terminal device transistor to the cut-off region. In this case, the collector current is not high enough to make the Lamp glow, since other circuit elements such, Lamp and resistor are connected in parallel to each other.
Thus, the toggling the transistor between cut-off region and saturation region it is possible to switch OFF or switch ON the Lamp. In this circuit, BC transistor is employed to increase the collector current The extent of darkness or the intensity of light at which the light should switch ON or OFF can be turned by adjustint. Uses of this project By employing this circuit energy consumption can be reduce considerably as the switches ON or OFF automatically in appropriate time. Moreover, errors which occur due to manual operation also can be eliminated completely.
The Automatic street light controller unit fabrication is cost-effective with good sensitivity and high reproducibility. Moreover, the construction of the circuit is also simple so that it can be done easily as it involves locally available component. The circuits designed in such a way that the extent of darkness at which the light has to switch ON or OFF also can be tailored whenever it is needed.
It can be used for other purposes like garden lighting balcony lighting etc. Application1: The above circuit can be powered from a battery, which can be charged during day time by harvesting the solar energy through solar cell as shown below: Application 2: The solar energy harvested from sunlight can be stored, inverted from DC voltage to AC voltage using sun tie converted.
The AC voltage can be stepped up and given to The Electric grid. The AC voltage Form The electric Grid can be stepped down, rectified and used for powering the circuit. Meanwhile, the street can also be powered by the AC voltage, which is controlled by a relay switch connected to the switching part of the circuit. The above mentioned strategy will be enabling us to harvest solar energy in an effective way for the operation of the circuit and for powering the street light also.
Bibliography Here are some various sites from where we collect some of important information related. Project are 1 www. Total views 21, On Slideshare 0. From embeds 0. Number of embeds 6. Downloads Shares 0. Comments 0. Likes You just clipped your first slide! This automatic night lamp circuit turns on a night lamp when bedroom light is switched off. A super-bright white LED is used as the night lamp.
It gives bright and cool light in the room. When the sensor detects the daylight in the morning, a melodious morning alarm sounds. The circuit is powered from a standard V transformer. A battery backup is provided to power the circuit when mains fails. When mains supply is available, the 9V rechargeable battery charges via diode D5 and resistor R1 with a reasonably constant current. In the event of mains failure, the battery automatically takes up the load without any delay.
Diode D5 prevents the battery from discharging backwards following the mains failure and diode D6 provides current path from the battery. The circuit utilises light-dependant resistors LDRs for sensing darkness and light in the room.
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